Tenses & Aspect

Used To: Talking About Past Habits and States

Level A2 Tenses & Aspect
Key idea

We use 'used to' plus the base verb to talk about things that were true in the past but aren't anymore, like a habit we've stopped or a state that has changed: 'I used to live in Spain' (but I don't now) and 'She used to play tennis' (it was her habit before). The tricky part is questions and negatives: after 'did', the word drops its -d, so we say 'Did you use to smoke?' and 'I didn't use to', never 'Did you used to'. Don't confuse 'used to' (past habits) with 'be used to' (= be accustomed to), which is followed by an -ing form, as in 'I'm used to working late'. Once you hear the difference, 'used to' becomes one of the most natural ways to describe how life was different before.

Examples

  • I used to live in Spain. the speaker lived in Spain in the past, not now
  • She used to play tennis. tennis was a past habit of hers
  • Did you use to smoke? asking about a past habit

The full lesson

Everything in the video, in text.

  1. used to

    how life was before

    Did you used to smoke? Sounds fine, right? It's wrong. One little letter gives you away.

  2. used to + base verb = a past habit or state, no longer true

    Used to plus a base verb describes a past habit or state that isn't true anymore. You did it before, but not now.

  3. I used to live in Spain.

    Here's the idea in action. I used to live in Spain. It means you lived there before, but you don't now.

  4. She used to play tennis.

    It works for habits too. She used to play tennis. Tennis was a regular thing for her, but she's stopped.

  5. With "did", drop the -d

    Statement
    • I used to smoke.
    Question / Negative
    • Did you use to smoke?
    • I didn't use to smoke.

    Now the part everyone gets wrong. In questions and negatives, you use did — and used drops its -d. It becomes plain use to.

  6. Did you use to smoke?

    no -d after "did"

    So the question is: Did you use to smoke? Did already carries the past, so use stays plain.

  7. Did you used to smoke? double past with did + -d
    Did you use to smoke? did carries the past

    After "did", never keep the -d.

    This is the slip to avoid. Did you used to doubles the past — did plus the -d. Keep it Did you use to.

  8. Two different things

    used to + base
    • I used to wake up early.
    • = past habit, stopped
    be used to + -ing
    • I'm used to waking up early.
    • = accustomed to it

    One more trap. Used to is not be used to. Be used to means be accustomed to something, and it takes -ing. I'm used to waking up early.

  9. Remember

    • used to + base verb = past habit, now over
    • Did you use to…? — no -d after did
    • be used to + -ing = accustomed to

    Quick recap. Used to plus a base verb is a past habit that's over. With did, drop the -d. And be used to plus -ing is a different verb entirely.