Prošlo vreme glagola "to be": was i were
Glagol "to be" ima u prostom prošlom vremenu samo dva oblika: was za jedninu (I, he, she, it) i were za množinu i za "you" (you, we, they). Zato kažemo "I was at home." i "They were happy." Za odrične rečenice i pitanja nije potreban pomoćni glagol "did" — dovoljno je dodati "not" (I wasn't) ili samo zameniti mesta subjektu i glagolu, kao u "Were you tired?". Za razliku od srpskog, gde menjamo glagol "biti" (bio sam, bili su) i često izostavljamo subjekat, u engleskom subjekat mora ostati, a najčešća greška je mešanje was i were ("we was") ili dodavanje "did" u pitanje.
Primeri
- I was at home. the speaker was at home
- They were happy. the people were happy
- Were you tired? asking if someone was tired
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Reci we was there i izvorni govornik odmah čuje grešku. Prošlo vreme glagola to be ima samo dva oblika, ali njihovo mešanje jedna je od najuočljivijih grešaka u engleskom.
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Dobra vest: treba naučiti samo dve reči. U sadašnjem vremenu to be ima am, is i are. U prošlom se sve to svodi na was i were.
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Evo podele. Koristi was za subjekte u jednini: I, he, she i it. Koristi were za ostale: you, we i they. Taj jedan red je celo pravilo.
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Pogledajmo celu paradigmu odjednom, da se obrazac usadi. Primeti kako was pokriva I, he, she i it, a were pokriva you, we i they.
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Počni sa najjednostavnijim slučajem. I je jednina, pa uzima was. I was at home.
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He, she i it rade potpuno isto: svi su jednina, svi sa was. She was tired.
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Sada prelazimo na were. They je množina, pa nikad ne uzima was. They were happy.
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Evo onoga na čemu se mnogi spotaknu. You uvek uzima were – čak i kada govoriš jednoj osobi. You were right.
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Sada odričan oblik. Ne treba ti pomoćni glagol poput did. Samo dodaj not odmah iza was ili were, obično skraćeno u wasn't i weren't.
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Tako I was not postaje I wasn't – sam glagol nosi negaciju. I wasn't ready.
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Pitanja su jednako laka. Opet bez did. Samo zameniš subjekat i glagol: was ili were ide napred.
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You were tired postaje Were you tired? – prvo glagol, bez pomoćnog. Were you tired?
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Sada velika zamka. Čućeš we was i you was u razgovornom jeziku, ali u standardnom engleskom to je pogrešno. Subjekti u množini uvek uzimaju were.
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I druga zamka: ne dodaji did u pitanje sa to be. Did you were there pogrešno je dvostruko. Samo zameni redosled: Were you there?
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Dakle, da ponovimo: was za I, he, she i it; were za you, we i they. A to be ne traži did: za negaciju i pitanje samo dodaj not ili zameni redosled.
