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Neupravni govor u engleskom: kako prenijeti izjave (reported speech)

Razina B1 Red riječi
Ključna ideja

Kada u engleskom prenosiš ono što je netko rekao, glagolsko vrijeme obično se pomakne korak unatrag: present prelazi u past, 'will' u 'would', a 'can' u 'could'. Tako 'I am busy' postaje 'He said (that) he was busy', a 'I will call' postaje 'She told me she would call'. Pazi i na zamjenice te vremenske izraze ('here' postaje 'there', 'tomorrow' postaje 'the next day'). Za razliku od hrvatskog, gdje vrijeme u prenesenom govoru ostaje isto ('Rekao je da je umoran'), engleski traži taj pomak unatrag, pa Hrvati često griješe rečenicama poput 'She said she is tired'. Veznik 'that' nije obavezan.

Primjeri

  • He said (that) he was busy. reporting 'I am busy'
  • She told me she would call. reporting 'I will call'
  • They said they could help. reporting 'we can help'

Cijela lekcija

Sve iz videa, u tekstu.

  1. Reported speech

    ono što su rekli, korak unatrag

    Netko ti nešto kaže. Ti to preneseš dalje, i napraviš pogrešku koju radi gotovo svatko.

  2. 🗣️

    Reporting? Shift the tense one step back.

    Kad prenosiš što je netko rekao, vrijeme obično pomakneš korak unatrag u prošlost. To se zove <t>backshift</t>.

  3. Korak unatrag

    they said
    • am / is / are
    • will
    • can
    • have
    you report
    • was / were
    • would
    • could
    • had

    Izvorne riječi bile su istinite u trenutku kad su izrečene. Prenoseći ih kasnije, s odmakom, taj odmak označavamo pomicanjem glagola unatrag.

  4. He said (that) he was busy.

    am → was

    Počnimo jednostavno. Rekao je: <t>I am busy</t>. Sadašnje vrijeme postaje prošlo, a <t>I</t> postaje <t>he</t>. He said (that) he was busy.

  5. She told me she would call.

    will → would

    <t>Will</t> se pomiče na <t>would</t>. Rekla je: <t>I will call</t>. She told me she would call.

  6. They said they could help.

    can → could

    <t>Can</t> se pomiče na <t>could</t>. Rekli su: <t>We can help</t>. They said they could help.

  7. said vs told

    said
    • He said he was late.
    • bez osobe
    told
    • He told me he was late.
    • told + netko

    Primijeti dvije riječce. <t>Said</t> ne traži osobu. <t>Told</t> traži: nekomu nešto kažeš.

  8. She said she would leave the next day.

    tomorrow → the next day

    Mijenjaju se i riječi vremena. <t>Tomorrow</t>, ispričano kasnije, postaje <t>the next day</t>. She said she would leave the next day.

  9. He said he liked it there.

    here → there

    I riječi mjesta. <t>Here</t> postaje <t>there</t> kad to prenosiš s drugog mjesta. He said he liked it there.

  10. ✗ She said she is tired. vrijeme nije pomaknuto
    ✓ She said she was tired. is → was

    Prepričavanje u prošlosti? Pomakni i glagol unatrag.

    Evo klasične pogreške. Prepričavanje je u prošlosti, pa ne ostavljaj glagol u sadašnjosti. Nije <t>she said she is tired</t>: pomakni ga unatrag.

  11. 💡

    Still true now? You can skip the backshift.

    Jedna nijansa. Ako je još istina sada, činjenica koja se nije promijenila, možeš zadržati sadašnje vrijeme. <t>He said he lives in Rome</t> je u redu.

  12. "That" is optional — keep it or drop it.

    A riječca <t>that</t> uvijek je neobavezna. Stavi je ili izostavi: oboje je točno.

  13. Zapamti

    • Glagol → korak unatrag
    • Zamjenice i vrijeme/mjesto se mijenjaju
    • that je neobavezan

    Ukratko: glagol korak unatrag, zamjenice i riječi vremena prilagođene, i <t>that</t> neobavezan. To je neupravni govor.

Povezane lekcije

Odnosne rečenice u engleskom: who, which, that, where, whoseNeupravni govor u engleskom: pitanja i naredbe