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Neupravni govor u engleskom: kako prenijeti izjave (reported speech)

Razina B1 Red riječi
Ključna ideja

Kada u engleskom prenosiš ono što je netko rekao, glagolsko vrijeme obično se pomakne korak unatrag: present prelazi u past, 'will' u 'would', a 'can' u 'could'. Tako 'I am busy' postaje 'He said (that) he was busy', a 'I will call' postaje 'She told me she would call'. Pazi i na zamjenice te vremenske izraze ('here' postaje 'there', 'tomorrow' postaje 'the next day'). Za razliku od hrvatskog, gdje vrijeme u prenesenom govoru ostaje isto ('Rekao je da je umoran'), engleski traži taj pomak unatrag, pa Hrvati često griješe rečenicama poput 'She said she is tired'. Veznik 'that' nije obavezan.

Primjeri

  • He said (that) he was busy. reporting 'I am busy'
  • She told me she would call. reporting 'I will call'
  • They said they could help. reporting 'we can help'

Cijela lekcija

Sve iz videa, u tekstu.

  1. Reported speech

    ono što su rekli, korak unatrag

    Netko ti nešto kaže. Ti to preneseš dalje, i napraviš pogrešku koju radi gotovo svatko.

  2. 🗣️

    Reporting? Shift the tense one step back.

    Kad prenosiš što je netko rekao, vrijeme obično pomakneš korak unatrag u prošlost. To se zove backshift.

  3. Korak unatrag

    they said
    • am / is / are
    • will
    • can
    • have
    you report
    • was / were
    • would
    • could
    • had

    Izvorne riječi bile su istinite u trenutku kad su izrečene. Prenoseći ih kasnije, s odmakom, taj odmak označavamo pomicanjem glagola unatrag.

  4. He said (that) he was busy.

    am → was

    Počnimo jednostavno. Rekao je: I am busy. Sadašnje vrijeme postaje prošlo, a I postaje he. He said (that) he was busy.

  5. She told me she would call.

    will → would

    Will se pomiče na would. Rekla je: I will call. She told me she would call.

  6. They said they could help.

    can → could

    Can se pomiče na could. Rekli su: We can help. They said they could help.

  7. said vs told

    said
    • He said he was late.
    • bez osobe
    told
    • He told me he was late.
    • told + netko

    Primijeti dvije riječce. Said ne traži osobu. Told traži: nekomu nešto kažeš.

  8. She said she would leave the next day.

    tomorrow → the next day

    Mijenjaju se i riječi vremena. Tomorrow, ispričano kasnije, postaje the next day. She said she would leave the next day.

  9. He said he liked it there.

    here → there

    I riječi mjesta. Here postaje there kad to prenosiš s drugog mjesta. He said he liked it there.

  10. ✗ She said she is tired. vrijeme nije pomaknuto
    ✓ She said she was tired. is → was

    Prepričavanje u prošlosti? Pomakni i glagol unatrag.

    Evo klasične pogreške. Prepričavanje je u prošlosti, pa ne ostavljaj glagol u sadašnjosti. Nije she said she is tired: pomakni ga unatrag.

  11. 💡

    Still true now? You can skip the backshift.

    Jedna nijansa. Ako je još istina sada, činjenica koja se nije promijenila, možeš zadržati sadašnje vrijeme. He said he lives in Rome je u redu.

  12. "That" is optional — keep it or drop it.

    A riječca that uvijek je neobavezna. Stavi je ili izostavi: oboje je točno.

  13. Zapamti

    • Glagol → korak unatrag
    • Zamjenice i vrijeme/mjesto se mijenjaju
    • that je neobavezan

    Ukratko: glagol korak unatrag, zamjenice i riječi vremena prilagođene, i that neobavezan. To je neupravni govor.

Preporučeni videozapisi

Reported speech - neupravni govor Reported speech - neupravni govor Magistra Zadar Osnovna promjena glagolskog vremena u upravnom i neupravnom govoru na engleskom jeziku Osnovna promjena glagolskog vremena u upravnom i neupravnom govoru na engleskom jeziku Engleski Jezik Reported speech (first part) - Engleski jezik Reported speech (first part) - Engleski jezik predavanja.com

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Odnosne rečenice u engleskom: who, which, that, where, whoseNeupravni govor u engleskom: pitanja i naredbe