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Indirektni govor u engleskom: izjave

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Ključna ideja

Kada prepricavamo sta je neko rekao, u engleskom se glagolsko vreme obicno pomera za jedan korak unazad (backshift): present ide u past, will u would, can u could. Tako 'I am busy' postaje 'He said (that) he was busy', 'I will call' postaje 'She told me she would call', a 'we can help' postaje 'They said they could help'. Rec 'that' je neobavezna i cesto se izostavlja. Uz to, menjaju se zamenice (I -> he/she) i reci za vreme i mesto (here -> there, tomorrow -> the next day) - srpski ovde ne radi backshift na isti nacin, pa je upravo to korak koji najlakse zaboravimo.

Primeri

  • He said (that) he was busy. reporting 'I am busy'
  • She told me she would call. reporting 'I will call'
  • They said they could help. reporting 'we can help'

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  1. Reported speech

    ono što su rekli, korak unazad

    Neko ti nešto kaže. Ti to preneseš dalje, i napraviš grešku koju pravi skoro svako.

  2. 🗣️

    Reporting? Shift the tense one step back.

    Kad prenosiš šta je neko rekao, vreme obično pomeriš korak unazad u prošlost. To se zove backshift.

  3. Korak unazad

    they said
    • am / is / are
    • will
    • can
    • have
    you report
    • was / were
    • would
    • could
    • had

    Izvorne reči bile su tačne u trenutku kad su izgovorene. Prenoseći ih kasnije, sa odstojanja, to odstojanje označavamo pomeranjem glagola unazad.

  4. He said (that) he was busy.

    am → was

    Počnimo jednostavno. Rekao je: I am busy. Sadašnje vreme postaje prošlo, a I postaje he. He said (that) he was busy.

  5. She told me she would call.

    will → would

    Will se pomera na would. Rekla je: I will call. She told me she would call.

  6. They said they could help.

    can → could

    Can se pomera na could. Rekli su: We can help. They said they could help.

  7. said vs told

    said
    • He said he was late.
    • bez osobe
    told
    • He told me he was late.
    • told + neko

    Primeti dve rečce. Said ne traži osobu. Told traži: nekome nešto kažeš.

  8. She said she would leave the next day.

    tomorrow → the next day

    Menjaju se i reči vremena. Tomorrow, ispričano kasnije, postaje the next day. She said she would leave the next day.

  9. He said he liked it there.

    here → there

    I reči mesta. Here postaje there kad to prenosiš sa drugog mesta. He said he liked it there.

  10. ✗ She said she is tired. vreme nije pomereno
    ✓ She said she was tired. is → was

    Prepričavanje u prošlosti? Pomeri i glagol unazad.

    Evo klasične greške. Prepričavanje je u prošlosti, pa ne ostavljaj glagol u sadašnjosti. Nije she said she is tired: pomeri ga unazad.

  11. 💡

    Still true now? You can skip the backshift.

    Jedna nijansa. Ako je još tačno sada, činjenica koja se nije promenila, možeš zadržati sadašnje vreme. He said he lives in Rome je u redu.

  12. "That" is optional — keep it or drop it.

    A rečca that je uvek neobavezna. Stavi je ili izostavi: oboje je tačno.

  13. Zapamti

    • Glagol → korak unazad
    • Zamenice i vreme/mesto se menjaju
    • that je neobavezan

    Ukratko: glagol korak unazad, zamenice i reči vremena prilagođene, i that neobavezan. To je neupravni govor.

Preporučeni videi

Indirektni Govor U Engleskom | Reported Speech Indirektni Govor U Engleskom | Reported Speech Dinela Cinematography Indirektan govor (Reported speech) Indirektan govor (Reported speech) Teacher_Suzana Indirect speech - ENGLESKI JEZIK 8 Indirect speech - ENGLESKI JEZIK 8 OŠ Stevan Nemanja - Stenjevac

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Relativne klauze u engleskom: who, which, that, where, whoseIndirektni govor: pitanja i naredbe u engleskom jeziku