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Indirektni govor u engleskom: izjave

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Ključna ideja

Kada prepricavamo sta je neko rekao, u engleskom se glagolsko vreme obicno pomera za jedan korak unazad (backshift): present ide u past, will u would, can u could. Tako 'I am busy' postaje 'He said (that) he was busy', 'I will call' postaje 'She told me she would call', a 'we can help' postaje 'They said they could help'. Rec 'that' je neobavezna i cesto se izostavlja. Uz to, menjaju se zamenice (I -> he/she) i reci za vreme i mesto (here -> there, tomorrow -> the next day) - srpski ovde ne radi backshift na isti nacin, pa je upravo to korak koji najlakse zaboravimo.

Primeri

  • He said (that) he was busy. reporting 'I am busy'
  • She told me she would call. reporting 'I will call'
  • They said they could help. reporting 'we can help'

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  1. Reported speech

    ono što su rekli, korak unazad

    Neko ti nešto kaže. Ti to preneseš dalje, i napraviš grešku koju pravi skoro svako.

  2. 🗣️

    Reporting? Shift the tense one step back.

    Kad prenosiš šta je neko rekao, vreme obično pomeriš korak unazad u prošlost. To se zove <t>backshift</t>.

  3. Korak unazad

    they said
    • am / is / are
    • will
    • can
    • have
    you report
    • was / were
    • would
    • could
    • had

    Izvorne reči bile su tačne u trenutku kad su izgovorene. Prenoseći ih kasnije, sa odstojanja, to odstojanje označavamo pomeranjem glagola unazad.

  4. He said (that) he was busy.

    am → was

    Počnimo jednostavno. Rekao je: <t>I am busy</t>. Sadašnje vreme postaje prošlo, a <t>I</t> postaje <t>he</t>. He said (that) he was busy.

  5. She told me she would call.

    will → would

    <t>Will</t> se pomera na <t>would</t>. Rekla je: <t>I will call</t>. She told me she would call.

  6. They said they could help.

    can → could

    <t>Can</t> se pomera na <t>could</t>. Rekli su: <t>We can help</t>. They said they could help.

  7. said vs told

    said
    • He said he was late.
    • bez osobe
    told
    • He told me he was late.
    • told + neko

    Primeti dve rečce. <t>Said</t> ne traži osobu. <t>Told</t> traži: nekome nešto kažeš.

  8. She said she would leave the next day.

    tomorrow → the next day

    Menjaju se i reči vremena. <t>Tomorrow</t>, ispričano kasnije, postaje <t>the next day</t>. She said she would leave the next day.

  9. He said he liked it there.

    here → there

    I reči mesta. <t>Here</t> postaje <t>there</t> kad to prenosiš sa drugog mesta. He said he liked it there.

  10. ✗ She said she is tired. vreme nije pomereno
    ✓ She said she was tired. is → was

    Prepričavanje u prošlosti? Pomeri i glagol unazad.

    Evo klasične greške. Prepričavanje je u prošlosti, pa ne ostavljaj glagol u sadašnjosti. Nije <t>she said she is tired</t>: pomeri ga unazad.

  11. 💡

    Still true now? You can skip the backshift.

    Jedna nijansa. Ako je još tačno sada, činjenica koja se nije promenila, možeš zadržati sadašnje vreme. <t>He said he lives in Rome</t> je u redu.

  12. "That" is optional — keep it or drop it.

    A rečca <t>that</t> je uvek neobavezna. Stavi je ili izostavi: oboje je tačno.

  13. Zapamti

    • Glagol → korak unazad
    • Zamenice i vreme/mesto se menjaju
    • that je neobavezan

    Ukratko: glagol korak unazad, zamenice i reči vremena prilagođene, i <t>that</t> neobavezan. To je neupravni govor.

Povezane lekcije

Relativne klauze u engleskom: who, which, that, where, whoseIndirektni govor: pitanja i naredbe u engleskom jeziku